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A-run steelhead: Summer steelhead crossing Bonneville Dam on or before August 25
Adipose fin: A small fleshy fin with no rays, located between the dorsal and caudal fins.
Anadromous: Fish that hatch rear in fresh water, migrate to the ocean (salt water) to grow and mature, and migrate back to fresh water to spawn and reproduce.
Acre-foot: A unit for measuring the volume of water, is equal to the quantity of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot and is equal to 43,560 cubic feet or 325,851 gallons. The term is commonly used in measuring volumes of water used or stored.
B-run steelhead: Summer steelhead crossing Bonneville Dam after August 25.
Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville): The sole federal power marketing agency in the Northwest and the region's major wholesaler of electricity. Created by Congress in 1937, Bonneville sells power to public and private utilities, direct service customers, and various public agencies in the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana west of the Continental Divide, (and parts of Montana east of the Divide) and smaller adjacent areas of California, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming. The Northwest Power Act charges Bonneville with additional duties related to energy conservation, resource acquisition, and fish and wildlife.
Button-up fry: A salmonid fry that has not completely absorbed its yolk sac and has emerged from its spawning gravel.
Bypass system: A channel or conduit in a dam that provides a route for fish to move through or around the dam without going through the turbine units.
Captive brood stock: Fish raised and spawned in captivity
Captive broodstock program: A form of artificial propagation involving the collection of individuals (or gametes) from a natural population and the rearing of these individuals to maturity in captivity. For listed species, a captive broodstock is considered part of the evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) from which it is taken.
Cubic feet per second: A unit expressing rates of discharge. One cubic foot per second is equal to the discharge of a stream of rectangular cross section, 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep, flowing water an average velocity of 1 foot per second.
Estuary: The part of the wide lower course of a river where its current is met and influenced by the tides.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC: The Commission issues and regulates licenses for construction and operation of non-federal hydroelectric projects and advises federal agencies on the merits of proposed federal multipurpose water development projects.
Flow augmentation: Increased flow from release of water from storage dams.
Mainstem: The main channel of the river in a river basin, as opposed to the streams and smaller rivers that feed into it. In the fish and wildlife program, mainstem refers to entirety of the Columbia and Snake rivers.
Mainstem passage-- The movement of salmon and steelhead around or through the dams and reservoirs in the Columbia and Snake rivers.
Natural production: Spawning, incubating, hatching and rearing fish in rivers, lakes and streams without human intervention.
Passage: The movement of migratory fish through, around, or over dams, reservoirs and other obstructions in a stream or river.
PIT tags: Passive Integrated Transponder tags are used for identifying individual salmon for monitoring and research purposes. This miniaturized tag consists of an integrated microchip that is programmed to identify individual fish. The tag is inserted into the body cavity of the fish and decoded at selected monitoring sites.
Rearing: The juvenile life stage of anadromous fish spent in freshwater rivers, lakes and streams before they migrate to the ocean.
Run: A population of fish of the same species consisting of one or more stocks migrating at a distinct time.
Smolt: A juvenile salmon or steelhead migrating to the ocean and undergoing physiological changes (smoltification) to adapt its body from a freshwater to a saltwater existence.
Spawn: The act of fish releasing and fertilizing eggs.
Stock: A population of fish spawning in a particular stream during a particular season. They generally do not interbreed with fish spawning in a different stream or at a different time.
Supplementation: The release of hatchery fry and juvenile fish in the natural environment to quickly increase or establish naturally spawning fish populations.
Watershed: The area that drains into a stream or river. A subbasin is typically composed of several watersheds.
Wild populations: Fish that have maintained successful natural reproduction with little or no supplementation from hatcheries. |
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